Pre-Kandahar hijacking, airport security used to be manned by the local police. At Calcutta airport, there was enormous jockeying to be posted to the international frisking wing which used to be allocated on rotational basis. A Constable hauled up before me in the orderly room for some misdemeanour was barely able to speak, even in Bengali. I thought he had some speech impediment or problems with language skills. When his turn came, the same Constable was posted to the international frisking wing. I used to sometimes tag along in civvies, incognito, in the queue of passengers waiting to be frisked. I found that the posting had wrought a miracle in the above Constable. Not only did it cure him of his speech impediment, he was now fluent in English also. I saw and heard him engaged in a lucid conversation with a British passenger, “Sir, you are our English master. We are your Indian slaves. You may give me some pounds. Or dollars. Even some 555 cigarettes will do …”
At Calcutta airport, it was sometimes difficult to digest
some of the capers the personnel could get up to. The airport duty is round-the-clock
so the personnel are deployed in eight-hour shifts. A Dy SP supervises the duty
of the personnel in each shift and is present at the airport during his shift
to attend to any urgent problems. Once, a passenger complained to the shift Dy
SP regarding extortion by a Constable and gave the complaint in writing. The Dy
SP summoned the Constable and asked him for an explanation. The Constable swore
up and down and sideways that he was innocent. When the Dy SP pointed to the
written complaint, the Constable grabbed it and immediately proceeded to eat it
up. By that time, the passenger and his flight had already left so all that was
left of the evidence was a little bit of indigestion for the Constable. Which
brings me to a little higher up.
How does an IPS officer make money, if he is so inclined?
Obviously, he is above going from truck to truck or weekly market to weekly
market or chewing up evidence against him. Well, he has serious discretionary
powers over all those who do all those things. Let’s go back a little in history.
The colonial rule did suffer from fears of illegitimacy in
the minds of the people for the early part. There was considerable effort at
display of grandeur to counteract such perceptions in the populace. Thus, the
British built few hospitals and schools but the police stations and buildings
were elaborate, imposing bungalows in Victorian architecture, with high ceilings and
broad verandas all around where most of the official work was carried out. The
same principle applied to SP offices and residences, armed guards and escorts,
addressing senior officers as “Huzur Bahadur” (the brave gentleman) or “Kaptaan
Sahib'' (the lordly captain), practices which endure till date. And so do the
buildings. Inspections by senior officers used to be accompanied by tiger hunts
and lavish stay, feasts and entertainment arrangements, all paid for by the
Police Stations.
Would a senior officer of the British India of the 19th century landing up at a Police Station of today find things different? Not much. Tiger hunts have, of course, been banned. However, these have been replaced by new year parties, picnics and official “get togethers'' with family and friends, at “Dak Bungalows.” The entertainment of senior officers by the subordinate staff is even now an established practice in the police departments and beyond a token payment, all other expenses are passed down to the SHOs. That British India officer would miss the tiger hunt but otherwise feel right at home.
In Police, we have a system of a monthly meeting, called the Crime Conference. It’s usually about three hours of grilling the officers on crime and their countervailing efforts in their areas of responsibility – COMPSTAT in New York by Bratton was the nearest that US had. One of my predecessors in a post used to have two Crime Conferences – one for grilling the officers on the crimes and the second one held on his residential lawns by his wife to discuss why the last month’s brown envelope was smaller in size than the previous month’s … There are always people searching for ways to bribe without being obvious about it. Birthday gifts for the child come in real handy. This same predecessor’s son used to have at least half a dozen birthdays per year as a result…
In a district, while the final disciplining powers vest
with the SP, the minor punishment powers are delegated to the SDPOs and the
Additional SPs for officials in their jurisdictions. In one district, I found
that the SP had taken away this delegation and used to deal with all
infringements himself. Because of this, he had to hold Orderly Rooms on almost
every working day. While the number of personnel accused of the misdemeanours
was huge, I found that he had not awarded a single punishment to anyone in his
entire tenure. The implications were staggering.
Police recruitment is the big money spinner. While in
Calcutta Police as Dy. Commissioner (DC), I was sent to a district called
Burdwan for recruiting 100 Constables. Trying to be extremely diligent. I
closely supervised all phases of the recruitment – measurement of height,
chest, chest expansion, weight, 800 metres run within 4 minutes and so many
seconds, 15 feet long jump, 100 metres sprint within 15 seconds, interview and
so on. Just to be safe, I made everyone run singly for 100 metres with a stop
watch in my hand. The process was so rigorous that there were less than a
hundred people qualifying the physical tests. As a result, interview was
inconsequential, eliminating the discretion component. Despite all this, I
learnt that there had been widespread corruption. How? Apparently, there were
these touts who promised the job to most of the candidates and collected two
lakh rupees from each. They pocketed the money from all those who were selected
on merit and returned the money to all those who failed. At Rs. 2 lacs per head
for 100 selected – a neat two crores, in one district alone. No one complained.
The selected candidates were happy. The failed ones got their money back and
had no grievance. The touts were laughing all the way to the bank. If a DC taps
into this, he also chuckles. One DC of Calcutta Police sent to North Bengal for
recruitment in several districts never returned – they’re still waiting for
him, after decades. Meanwhile, the immediate target of that constable having
paid Rs. 2 lacs would be to recoup the money as quickly as possible …
Posting of officers and men is the other big one. I have
heard that in many states, many times, the SHO posts of police stations are auctioned to the
highest bidder. By its very nature, the organisation is secretive and this
creates great opportunities. Subversion of investigation of major cases on
pecuniary and political considerations is one of these. Cuts from vendors
supplying uniforms, office equipment, vehicles, arms, ammunition and gadgets
work out to huge amounts because the numbers are very high. The Police strength
of a medium-sized state is over a lakh. The strength of one paramilitary force
is above 2.5 lakh. The maths of any percentage cuts can be overwhelming. The
budget estimate for Police expenditure for a medium-sized state for 2022-23 is above
Rs. 10,000 cr. Police modernisation for both the state and the central police
forces have huge budgets and, of course, huge opportunities.
When I joined the service, I thought there was a small,
miniscule proportion of IPS officers (the so-called “haves”) creating a bad
name for the majority (the so-called “have-nots”). Do I still hold that
opinion? Well, ahem, ahem …
I read through all the posts in the blog after reading this one. Beautifully and engagingly written with bitter truths enfolded in the chocolate of humor. Kudos.
ReplyDeleteWow! It feels great to be appreciated by the winner of Top 5 Blog award! This has seriously made my day. Thank you so much for the encouraging words.
DeleteTouch of humor is the brownie, it never gets boring while browsing through story of the sorry state of affairs. Is the system is making the men, or men are in making of the system?
ReplyDeleteThank you, Paromita. While there is justification in blaming the system (and the eco-system), I feel that’s a bit of a cop out. There is a certain amount of failure on the part of the Police leadership also. There’s been exactly one serious attempt at improving things. If you’re inclined towards a bit of heavier reading, I’d invite you to an article of mine published in a newspaper sometime back: http://www.millenniumpost.in/long-and-winding-road-ahead-175408
DeleteWonderfully written , and if I may add prescient, piece.
Delete🙏🏻
DeleteHi Dash,
ReplyDeleteOnce again you have succeeded in churning out a very readable piece.
When you use the terminology, 'one step up', I presume you plan to retrace the step and thus there would be a continuation of the series.😀👍
What I find particularly engaging is the dark humour in your narrative. But I am somehow left with a sense of hopelessness. Possibly arising from fatalism and acceptance of an unjust world and the innocents being trampled within.
Regards
Shakti
Thanks, Shakti. Don't let me cloud your ever-bubbling optimism, my friend. I do remain in hope that things will get better. With Policing - and everything else. Cheers.
DeleteDash your incisive article exposing the heart of the operations is captivating
Delete🙏
DeleteSir, how do you manage to mix humour to otherwise serious matters that normally would make one's blood boil? Kudos to your honesty, Sir
ReplyDeleteThank you, Ms Surya Laxmi. 33 years (of service) is too long a time to stay enraged. Hopefully, things will change for the better - IMHO, they need to change. Drastically.
DeleteNow I understand why police which comes under Home dept is most often kept the state CM. Silent money spinner for all seasons . Great writing, Dash.
ReplyDeleteActually, control of Police gives raw power. Whoever controls Police becomes the de facto CM and can control all other Ministers and their cash flows.
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